Importance in shaping law of future

In his first Supreme Court visual aspect, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. famously dissented that â€Å"Great instances, like difficult instances, make bad law† . He was of the sentiment that â€Å"great instances are called great, non by ground if their existent importance in determining the jurisprudence of the hereafter, but because of some accident of immediate overpowering involvement which entreaties to the feelings and distorts the judgement.† [ 1 ] On this note, neither Van Gend en Loos [ 2 ] nor Francovich [ 3 ] would run into the standards. Van Gend was rich in rule but lacked any overtly absorbing facts. Francovich featured a landmark determination by the Court in relation to directives that cultivated mass consciousness within the Community of the statute law with which member provinces are governed. But to any grade, it must be acknowledged that these are extremely of import instances. Both provide the Community with a foundational foundation for the statute law they helped concept. Both focused on the primary liability of Member State for a failure to carry through a Community duty. They tackle the greatest struggles within any statute law, the beginning of ultimate authorization, whether the involvements of both the EC and Member States can be harmonized and whether the system in topographic point can turn out effectual.Direct ConsequenceThe trust which persons place on its regulating jurisprudence system determines its effectivity. Whether the bulk of Citizens within the community acknowledge or rely on the commissariats allotted to them is questionable and to that consequence, EC jurisprudence is frequently undermined. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the Courts instance jurisprudence in relation to EC commissariats and how instruments of implementing these commissariats contrast. With this in head, I plan to measure the direct consequence of these community steps paying peculiar attending to related instance jurisprudence and t he opinions attached. The ever-present defeat that clouds the EC statute law is possibly most normally associated with â€Å"direct effect† and its ever-growing ambiguity. Understanding direct consequence is indispensable in groking philosophies of legal protection and effet utile. The philosophy of direct consequence provides for persons a agency to raise upon national tribunals, commissariats outlined in the Treaties, commissariats including ordinances, determinations and directives that must turn out â€Å"sufficiently clear and unconditional.† [ 4 ] The philosophy allows persons to avail of rights provided by the pacts and their commissariats and the national tribunals must esteem these rights ( Vertical direct consequence ) . Situations besides arise whereby rights are invoked against other persons and private parties ( horizontal direct consequence ) . The Doctrine derives from the struggle that exists between the involvements of EU Courts and member provinces and how to set up a qi. The kernel of the philosophy is that persons may trust upon the commissariats of directives even where the member province has failed to do agreements to impl ement them falsely. Provided that the commissariats in inquiry are clear, precise and unconditioned, direct consequence can be relied on. The Court has refrained from enlarging the philosophy of direct consequence with respects to allowing private parties rely on commissariats and raise them upon persons. The Court, on the other manus has made attempts to slake this aperture by enforcing upon national tribunals to infer national statute law, â€Å"as far as possible in the visible radiation of the diction and the intent of the directive so as to accomplish the consequence it has in view.† [ 5 ] First, I will supply a brief analysis of these EC commissariats. The most important instrument through which the EC may infringe national statute laws is the Regulations found in EC and Euratom Treaties. â€Å"A ordinance shall hold general application. It shall be adhering in its entireness and straight applicable in all Member States† [ 6 ] . They house two important and alone features. They feature a community character which enables them to straight use jurisprudence in full to all member provinces. The Member State here must fulfill ordinances and their commissariats in their entireness and the demands must be fulfilled in the method and timeframe outlined in the commissariats. Nor can the member province under any status introduce statute law that conflicts or encroaches in any manner the ordinances provided. Besides alone is their direct pertinence which allows the Acts of the Apostless to be regarded and relied upon in the same mode as national jurisprudence without he terotaxy into national jurisprudence. All members of the community are bound by Community statute law and as such, must esteem and stay these Torahs as they would their national statute law. Another component of Community jurisprudence which must be respected is that of EC or Euratom Decisions. â€Å"A determination shall be adhering in its entireness upon those to whom it is addressed.† [ 7 ] Decisions are single orders to Member States which are adhering in their entireness. The EC can therefore ask an single or state to perpetrate or exclude a title, or can confer civil rights or raise them against Member States. A determination may be contrasted to a ordinance as it is of single application. A determination inside informations explicitly the names of the individuals who become entirely bound by that determination. It is different to the directive in that it is straight applicable as ordinances are and is adhering in its entireness. Examples of cases where determinations w ere utilized include the granting or refusal of province assistance ( Articles 87 and 88 EC ) , the cancellation of operations including agreements or understandings opposing just competition ( Article 81 EC ) and the infliction of mulcts. [ 8 ]Direct Effect of Directives.Alongside EC ordinances, the European directive must be regarded as the most important bureaucratic mechanism utilised by the European Community. Directives exist in order to unify the struggle in European Law that occurs when set uping the uniformity of Community Law while procuring the cultural and structural nature of single Member States. The intent of directives as we will discourse is dissimilar to that of ordinances in that its purpose is to harmonize Community and National involvements as opposed to enforcing Community involvements. The aim is to accommodate the double aims of both the EC and Member States through bridging their involvements and extinguishing the disagreements that exist between National La w and ordinances. As respects the direct consequence of directives, Article 249 described directives as â€Å"binding, as to the consequence being achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall go forth to the national governments the pick of signifier and methods.† The Directive is acknowledged as being one of the primary instruments utilised to make the individual EU market. They are directed either separately to one Member State or to multiple provinces and necessitate the accomplishment of certain community related ends and marks. They are non straight applicable as ordinances are in that Direct Effect relates to rights formulated by commissariats that are dependable in Member State Courts whereas Direct Applicability is associated with an full legislative act I.e. it becomes portion of National Law. When in operation, directives provide members of the Community with a system for the execution of the intended result. They do non order the agencies of accomplishing that consequence. It has occurred where the statute law provided within a member province already provides for the demands of the directive and they are in bend merely required to maintain this statute law integral. More often nevertheless Member States have to change their statute law to implement the directive right and to the EC ‘s blessing ( referred to as heterotaxy ) . The failure of a province to follow with the demands of the directive or if it fails to change its national statute law as required the Commission can incite legal action against the member province in the ECJ. There are two types of direct consequence as we mentioned ; perpendicular direct consequence and horizontal direct consequence. Where commissariats sing persons rights set out by the EC have non been implemented yet the State or constituencies of the State fail to follow these rights the person may raise ‘vertical direct consequence ‘ . Vertical direct consequence is associated with the legal relationship that exists between EC jurisprudence and National Law and the demand of the MS to guarantee National statute law is in line with EC Law ( see Foster v British Gas Case C-18/89. ‘Horizontal direct consequence ‘ , in contrast, enables citizens to trust on EC commissariats in actions against other persons. An illustration of horizontal direct consequence occurs in the instance of Defrenne v Sabena where it was established that â€Å"The prohibition on favoritism between work forces and adult females applies non merely to the action of public governments, but be sides extends to all understandings which are intended to modulate paid labour jointly, every bit good as to contracts between individuals.† Directives do non hold ‘horizontal direct consequence ‘ in that their enforceability applies merely against the province. The tribunal has refrained from spread outing the direct consequence of directives to enable persons to claim against other private persons. So, although directives have no horizontal direct consequence they do enable perpendicular direct consequence significance persons may raise action against public organic structures. The definition of public organic structures was established in Foster v British Gas ; â€Å"a Directive might be relied on against administration or organic structures which were capable to the authorization or control of the State or had particular powers beyond those which result from the normal dealingss between individuals.† â€Å"a Directive might be relied on against administration or organic structures which were capable to the authorization or control of the State or had particular powers beyond those which result from the normal dealingss between individuals.† It is possible for a Directive to be invoked against â€Å"a organic structure whatever its legal signifier, which has been made responsible pursuant to a step adopted by the State for supplying a public service under the control of the State and has for that purpose particular powers beyond those which result from the normal regulations applicable in dealingss between individuals.† Hence, British Gas, a house which was privatised could be held to be an emanation of the province.Important CasesThe original construct of direct consequence was constructed by the ECJ in the instance of Van Gend en Loos [ 1963 ] . The importance of â€Å"direct effect† was highlighted by the European Court of Justice here. They argued that its function was protective to the citizens of Europe in that they were ensured that Treaty duties could be enforced against Member States therefore rendering Community jurisprudence effectual in their national legal systems. The logic presented by the EC J ensured a important importance for this new legal order. Van Gend nut Loos besides proved of import in that it formulated the standard for admiting when a peculiar proviso can hold direct consequence. For over 5 old ages important arbitration sing the old European Coal and Steele Treaty was scarce and really small definition had been withdrawn from the Treaty. Defining, disputing or watershed instances refering the harmonisation of national Torahs with international statute law were rare sing there were over 70 opinions from 1954 to 1961. In Geus v. Bosch and new wave Rijn nevertheless, the first major inquiry was cast sing how the 1958 EEC Treaty was to be interpreted under Article 177 EEC ( now 234 EC ) . It was foremost recognised by Advocate General Lagrange that greater significance should be placed on a modus operandi which was â€Å"designed to play a cardinal portion in the application of the Treaty: † â€Å"The progressive integrating of the Treaty into the legal, societal and economic life of the Member States must affect more and more often the application. and. . . , reading of the Treaty in municipal judicial proceeding. . . , and non merely the commissariats of the Treaty itself but besides those of the Regulations adopted for its execution and so of legality. Applied judiciously – 1 is tempted to state loyally – the commissariats of Article 177 must take to a existent and fruitful coaction between the municipal tribunals and the Court of Justice and the Court of justness of the Communities with common respect for their several jurisdictions.† It was held by De Geus that the ordinances withdrawn from pact commissariats become instantly applicable statute law. Boding Van Gend en Loos, Lagrange farther elaborated: â€Å"Since the Treaty, by virtuousness of its confirmation, is incorporated into the national jurisprudence, it is the map of national tribunals to use its commissariats, except when powers are expressly conferred on Community organs.† Following on from this was the unequivocal Van Gend instance where the Court established the great rule of direct consequence, supplying that the Treaty of Rome concepts rights for citizens of a Member State which must be protected. An of import instance which helped sketch the cardinal demands of direct consequence was Van Dyun v Home Office ( ( Case 41/74 ) [ 1974 ] ECR 1337 ) . Here entry for a Dutch adult female coming to work in the UK was denied. Van Dyun relied on Article 39 which ensures the right to liberate motion topic to limitations sing wellness and policy. Directing 64/221 provided that anything outside of Article 39 must be based entirely on behavior. Article 39, it was held, was non straight effectual in that farther legal Acts of the Apostless were relied upon by Member States. The directing invoked a comprehensive duty that freedoms may be based entirely on behavior, and this proved straight consequence every bit long as three important conditions were fulfilled. The directing must be ; ( I ) clear, precise and unconditioned, ( two ) non dependant on farther legislation/action by the member province or the Community, ( three ) the day of the month of execution must hold passed. The determination made in Francovich was based on the ‘effective judicial protection and effet useful philosophies. â€Å" [ I ] T has been systematically held, † the Court stated, â€Å"that the national Courts whose undertaking it is to use the commissariats of Community Law in countries within their legal power must guarantee that those regulations take full consequence and must protect the rights which they confer on individuals.† â€Å"The full effectivity of Community Law would be impaired and the protection of the rights which they grant would be weakened, † the Court concluded, â€Å"if persons were unable to obtain damages when their rights are infringed by a breach of community jurisprudence for which a Member State can be held responsible.†See Constitutionalism and Pluralism in Marbury and Van Gend, Daniel Halberstam, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.judicialstudies.unr.edu/JS_Summer09/JSP_Week_1/Halberstam, % 20Constitutionalism % 20v.G end % 2008.pdf.Van Gend & A ; Loos, Case 26_62 ( 5 February 1963 )Joined Cases, C-6/90 and C-9/90, [ 1991 ] ECR I-5357Van Gerven, supra note 2 at 680. ][ 1990 ] ECR 1-4135, Court of Justice of the European Communities.Article 249 ECArticle 249 ECFrom hypertext transfer protocol: //sixthformlaw.info/01_modules/mod2/2_3_2_eu_sources/07_sources_of_ec_law.htm

Buyer Power of Coffee Industry Essay

Buyer bargaining power refers to the pressure consumers can place on the industry, influencing companies to provide better products, service, and lower prices. One determinant of bargaining power is the number of buyer available. For the US coffee and snack industry, the large number of buyers is a big advantage. According to National Coffee Association, 54% of American adults drink coffee. Another key driver that gives buyers leverage is if they can do without the product for long durations. If so, the seller incurs losses when customers discontinue use of the product over long periods. However, coffee drinkers are high frequency buyers, purchasing the drink multiple times throughout the week, if not more often. To these people, coffee has become an integral part of their everyday lives. Because they cannot do without coffee, coffee shops can depend on repeat customers. Switching costs are another element to consider when gauging buyer bargaining. If switching costs are high, buyers are least likely to change over to a competing product. Unfortunately for the US coffee and snack industries, there are absolutely zero costs associated with changing to a different product. Similarly, no cost is incurring when switching to another company. Thus, this makes coffee shops have to constantly improve their product lines, drive down costs, improve service, and other aspects to keep customers choosing their shops over someone else’s. The buyer’s per capita consumption also players a role in determining attractiveness of an industry. During recessions, disposable income generally becomes lower and spending of consumption is cut. When consumer spending is lower, people are less likely to spend on snacks and coffee. Overall, due to the high number of users and the high volume of purchases, from the buyer perspective the coffee and snack industry can be considered attractive.

Why do men and women have such different experiences of health?

In looking at the question â€Å"Why do men and women have such different experiences of health†, I am going to look into topics such as Biological differences, Gender responsibilities, and Sociological explanations. The diversity in male and females health begins from puberty, usually around the age of ten to fifteen in both sexes. Young women begin their menstrual cycle at an average age of thirteen, so it is acceptable to say that they are aware of their Physical self early on in life, women are more likely to visit their doctor as a result of menstruation, and are also encouraged by their friends, family and the Media to seek medical advice when they have a concern about their sexual health, which would lead to Routine visits for smear tests, or contraceptive advice. Conversely young men would not usually bother to go to the doctor possibly for the reason that they do not want to cause a fuss, or even their peers dismiss their ailment, with comments similar to â€Å"be a man†. Another biological factor is connected to differences in physical make-up other than biological function. This view is based on different genetic features; for example women are generally smaller and so men are generally considered to be stronger. This view is, however fraught with inconsistencies because of the variations that obviously exist in physical attributes among men and women. It also ignores social and cultural factors that are vital to any appreciation of gender. Our ideas in society tend to construct gender differences in health problems, there appears to be some evidence that men take more risks than women such as dangerous sports, Violent activities and hazardous occupations. Although women tend to consult doctors more often statistics suggest they have more ill health, this could be because women in their socially produced gender roles are seen as more acceptable to show weakness and seek medical help and also if they are going to the doctor they are more likely to be diagnosed, possibly if men visited the doctor more often there would be a change in that statistic. In childbirth, reproduction, and mental health, women are more likely to be given prescriptions for anti-depressants or tranquillisers, men however are more likely to have alcohol problems, a more socially acceptable response to stress than it is for women, although statistics indicate that women are catching up with men in the drinking stakes. A woman's role is often looking after everyone in the family so she tends to carry an added burden of stress with an attitude of having to soldier on with her responsibilities so she may be prone to physical and mental disorders. Victims of social and economic circumstances women tend to suffer from what is known as â€Å"housewife syndrome† the isolation and constant decision making involved in housework are very stressful as is the responsibility of looking after young children and managing a job, and of course we must not forget single mums they have the extra stress of either being on benefits and trying to feed themselves and their children as healthily as they can, or being the only wage earner trying to do the same with very little time to relax which is a contributing factor towards stress not forgetting, men are single parents as well and do suffer from the same financial factors as single mothers. In addition there are certain illnesses that women suffer from because of their biology such as post-natal depression, and the menopause, because women tend to live longer they are more likely to suffer from degenerative disorders like arthritis and senile dementia. And an alarming 21% of women suffer from some form of disability. Men are more at risk from Coronary heart disease and there is an increase in men only disorders such as Prostate, Testicular, and Bowel cancer. Gender social roles are becoming less important, girls are doing better than boys at school, they are more career minded than ever, the emphasis is on fending for themselves, its almost as if they don't need men. So where does that leave men? There is substantial evidence that more and more men live alone, there is an increase in the rates of mental illness, suicide, and even eating disorders. Present day mobility, lack of roots, weakened family structure and increased pressure to succeed have all been suggested as playing a part in the growing trend toward high suicide rates in young men. There are more emotional support networks aimed at women, leaving men feeling isolated, although the last five years has seen a boom in men's magazines such as FHM, Loaded and Maxim. These magazines investigate a large number of health issues concerning men, and they incorporate relevant medical information such as home examination of their testicals in a jocular light hearted way, they also contain contact numbers and advice lines, which must be a reasurance for men. The artefact theory suggests that the use of surveys for statistics is inaccurate because it fails to take into consideration the clinical iceberg where it is unknown how many people suffer illness as they don't always report it, also most health care happens in the home, usually women treating symptoms by self care. In the case of postal surveys not everyone will respond and generally women fill in the forms for other family members. It is also unreliable because the figures relate to males of working age and not females, or older and younger people also statistics change all the time. However a survey carried out in 1992 showed that there were major gender differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour relating to health. These figures come from surveys like the General Household Survey (GHS) which is a continuous survey based on a small sample of the population resident in private households in the UK, included in this survey are questions on fertility, housing, health, employment and education.

Parallel Universes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parallel Universes - Essay Example ing with private life issues continue to pose a great challenge in the legal setting bearing in mind that there is no standard regulations to handle similar cases. The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment regulates interference with privacy by stipulating that no state has the capacity to deprive anyone life, liberty, or property without due execution of the law (Williams, 2010). In a school setting, the substantive due process offers the state some powers to regulate certain activities hence effective handling of teachers’ controversial lifestyles that might interfere with reputation or ability to perform. In cases of dismissal or charges against any teacher adequate explanation of the evidence must be provided though the due process does not prescribe reasons for dismissal apart from the procedures (Alexander & Alexander, 2011). The law provides directions to regulate behavior while at times it may not be very effective in explaining to what extent the standards of behavior should be. At times double standardization is evident though the law plays its part by dictating the necessary procedures. The school officials must be very vigilant when dealing with out-of-school’s conduct since not all jurisdictions have adopted the nexus theory. The nexus theory holds it that teacher’s off-duty conduct might negatively affect his/her teaching effectiveness hence the need to discipline behaviors (Elis, 2010). In regard to the precepts of the theory, more emphasis is attached to the impact of the teacher’s off-duty conduct hence disciplining in equal measure. The community standards also influence to a great extent issues involving teachers’ out-of-school conduct. Depending with the responsiveness and awareness of the community to initiate a course of action towards out of conduct issues, behaviors may be encouraged or discouraged. For instance, as illustrated in the table the response is not equal in weight in the rural setting as compared with the

Course work-essay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Course work- - Essay Example The stability of the global market destabilised to an extent that the economy of the rest of the world, including Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and South Korea went into economic meltdown. This was so severe that it called for the intervention of the humanitarian groups, like Jubilee 2000, who advocated for the cancellation of the debts owed by the poorest countries. The Central bank decided to chip in and try to resolve the situation therein. They worked for 24hours just to see thing go back in order. Hazel introduces John Perkins, who is an economist and the author of â€Å"Confessions of an Economic Hit Man†, to discuss the history of economic theory and his involvement in the manipulation of the financial organisations like the world bank and the International Monetary fund (IMF). Perkins says that during the past decades when ‘hot money’ was in circulation, he was actually seduced into luring the poor countries who had huge debts into further debts. This was purposed so that these countries would hold to the government policies of the United States. For instance, Indonesia became a victim when the United States loaned it billion of dollars, which was later taken by the US in the name of building for them projects back in the US. They continued paying back the loan with the huge interests until they could no more. This left Indonesia with a huge debt that they would never repay logically thus holding on to the US government. Therefore, this gave the US a ch ance to manipulate the Indonesians by fetching resources their country such as oil. Finally, Perkins confesses that whatever he was asked to do was technically politics and not assisting the poor countries to get out from their poverty. I think this was an unfair way of trying to control the entire world. The US government went overboard in trying to exercise their super-power

In-Home Internet Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In-Home Internet - Coursework Example It is as a base station and distributes internet to the surrounding areas. Varied cells are assigned different frequencies from that closer to prevent signal interference and ensure reliability is in existence. Frame relay does the implementation without any error or control of flow. Here the data rates are up to 4 Mb/s and more depending on the provider. When handling frames, the latency is reduced, and precautions have to be taken to ensure that there is no build -up at switches occurring at intermediate points. Since these relays are identified uniquely by a DLCI, they ensure that there is communication from both directions of the DTE device. However, most of the connections concerning Frame Relays are based on PVCs other than SVCs. The provision from Frame Relay is permanent with bandwidth being medium thus its ability to carry data and voice traffic. It is thus suitable for Local area networks since the router only requires a single interface even with use of many VCs. Asynchronous Transfer Mode on the other hand came up due to standards for transfer of data, voice, and video at the same time (Mollenkopf, KloeÃŒ , Olbermann, Klumpp & Redecker, 2010). The speeds of operation were extremely fast than what had been previously attained without these standards. ATM has even better speed transmission capabilities than what Ethernets have achieved in local area networks. It also finds use in cell switching handling fixed-length. It involves multiplexing many packet switches that originate from varied cells that exist in different sources. The breakup of AT&T is the start of a season of smaller communications in the world. The resultant effect is a shift in the nature of competition. Local companies on phone will offer competition spanning regions and businesses. The advantage will be the high speed of connection. Opportunities are in providing products that are standardized with better improvements. It also

Research Paper on Paul Robeson Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Paul Robeson - Research Paper Example Paul had three brothers and one sister and during their childhood life, they faced many problems since his father lost his job due to racial conflict and three years later, his mother died in a fire tragedy at home. In his high school life, Paul participated in many activities such as basketball, football and singing and he dominated very well in all the disciplines. Boyle and Bunie (45-77) said that, after graduating from high school, Paul won a scholarship to join Rutgers University between 1915 and 1919 and became the third African- American students in the history of Rutgers University. In the campus, Paul joined various clubs among them being debate club, a university football club and other athletic clubs where he balanced his activities excellently. He scooped an awarded as the best footballer of the year and he had a great talent in singing whereby he went to perform on and off the campus. At the height of his performance on the campus, Paul’s father felt very ill and Robeson had no option but to take the full responsibility of his father who soon succumbed to illness. When he finished campus, he won awards in athletics and academics and his classmates greatly exhorted him and vowed to fight equality of all Americans. Boyle and Bunie (78-101) claimed that, Robeson then joined New York university school of law but shortly transferred to Columbia school of law in 1920 and joined national football league. Paul dated Eslanda Goode and after courting for one year, they got married and at this time, he had already started acting. He started singing while in the campus and after 1922 he ended his football career and decided to continue with his music career. After a few months, Paul graduated as a lawyer and he exercised his career as an advocate for a few months and quitted due to excessive racism in the field. Robeson decided to take a role in acting where he participated in various theatre acting and during this time, his wife Essie supported him in various social functions. He acted in theaters such as The Emperor Jones and in All God’s Chillum Got Wings and the success of acting landed him into an elite circle and finally rose to fame after a great assistance from his wife. Later his wife quitted her job and became an agent of Paul her she steered him to act in the films and he participated in movies such as body and soul. Paul ventured into music and in collaboration with a very famous gospel singer and attended concerts. After some time, Paul went to London to act in the films and singing and at this time, he participated in several films among them being Show Boat and Song of Freedom (Boyle and Bunie 102-105). He became politically involved when he struggled against fascism from 1937 to 1939 during the Spanish civil war. After Second World War, Robeson returned to America where he acted as an entertainer in a radio station. After execution of four Negros, Paul Robeson urged the president of America to stop legislati on of this law of lynching and this was his turning point to the political arena (Boyle and Bunie 379-401). After 1950, the American government cancelled Robeson’s passports, it also denied him to attend televisions shows and a

Effects of Better Food, Education, and Technology Essay

Effects of Better Food, Education, and Technology - Essay Example According to the paper  with the spread of obesity, and several kinds of chronic and fatal diseases, and increase in the number of young patients, health and safety of people has become one of the prime objectives and determinants of the success of a government. Better food is not only likely to bring a decrease in the number and spread of diseases, but also bring a revolutionary change in the way people interact with one another, their energy level, their extent of physical activity, their efficiency at work, their ability to tackle issues both at workplace and elsewhere, and their ability to play a constructive role in the society. Critics may say that better food may result in a spread of obesity.From this study it is clear that education is the fundamental building block of the society. Better education will change people’s behavior for the better, reduce racism, increase employment rate, and cause social evils like poverty and violence to recede. An individual's suscept ibility to heart disease is reduced by 2.16 percentage points with four years of additional education. Research suggests that more educated Americans have lived longer as compared to less educated Americans. Critics may say that better education does not reduce unemployment as the number of jobs is limited anyway. This is wrong. There are many jobs available but unoccupied just because of skills’ shortage.  Better technology in school causes numerous positive effects on the quality of education.  ... Education is the fundamental building block of the society. Better education will change people’s behavior for the better, reduce racism, increase employment rate, and cause social evils like poverty and violence to recede. An individual's susceptibility to heart disease is reduced by 2.16 percentage points with four years of additional education (Picker, 2012). Research suggests that more educated Americans have lived longer as compared to less educated Americans (Cooney, 2008). Critics may say that better education does not reduce unemployment as the number of jobs is limited anyway. This is wrong. There are many jobs available but unoccupied just because of skills’ shortage. Better technology in school causes numerous positive effects on the quality of education. There has been a rapid increase in the use of technology in schools over the decades. Today, technology is the most fundamental element that makes the contemporary educational system unique and better as com pared to the old educational system. Effects of better technology in school include but are not limited to high participation level of the students, increased interest of students in studies, development of technological skills and expertise in the students, raised self-esteem of the students, improved ability of the students to grasp the core concepts and use them to contribute to the creation of more knowledge, enhanced ability of teachers to deliver more in lesser time, improved time management of the teachers, increased trust and confidence of the parents of students in the school, and consequently, increased profitability of the school’s business, and finally improved ranking of the

Think Tanks what are they and the task of policy analyasis Essay

Think Tanks what are they and the task of policy analyasis - Essay Example The think tanks also provide information to journalists who act as a good channel to promote the needs of the policy users. This means that the think tanks have the capacity of creating a chain of networks that help in mediation of the role of the government and that of the public in building trust in the public officials (McGann, 2011). The think tanks have also been indicated to transform the ideas and issues presented in policy issues through facilitating debates on the issues at hand (McGann, 2011). This means that a forum for the exchange of thoughts is provided with the help of think tanks and ultimately an implementation of the policies proposed especially after consultation with all the concerned parties. The think tanks can then be indicated to play the role of voicing policy related issues in debates on policy issues. McGann, J. (2011).  Think Tanks: The Global, Regional and National Dimensions. In Think Tanks in Policy Making: Do They Matter, ed Andrew Rich et al., 8-15.  Shanghai: Friedrich  Ebert Stiftung, Briefing Paper Special

Preety Vs Non Preety Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Preety Vs Non Preety - Thesis Example It will be argued that those who appear better always do relatively better in their lives – keeping all other factors aside. It will further be contended that people who are physically more attractive tend to get more opportunities in their lifetime as compared to their colleagues with unattractive personalities. Moreover, the idea that people with more attractive physical appearances comparatively achieve more in their lives, will be put forward with the help of observation of each and every stage of a human life. ‘Physical appearance’, for the purpose of this paper must not be misinterpreted as ‘beauty’, as the idea of beauty as mere physical appearance is subjective. The physical appearance indicated throughout this paper will relate to only physical attractiveness which may find its roots in different characteristics of a person like his/her intelligence, approach, personality, richness, way of communication and/or prettiness etc. The paper propos es that even though a person’s physical attractiveness may not usually determine his/her working capacity, it is a recurring phenomenon that a person’s physical appearance affects other people’s perception of him thus giving rise to unequal distribution of opportunities amongst the working class based on their physical attractiveness (Loh). ... to show its effects† (Jackson) It is further proposed that the phrase ‘deciding his/her life’ refers to one’s eventual success in life through different stages that every human has to live e.g. childhood, teenage, young adulthood, adulthood and finally old-age. It does not mean that one’s personal life decisions are based upon his physical appearance, however, it refers to the idea that other’s decision with respect to him/her will definitely depend upon his/her physical appearance. The human society revolves around interdependence and notions of social contract (Hampton) which require social interaction and such social interaction is undoubtedly influenced largely by each individual’s physical appearances. Throughout the paper, the main focus will be upon the influence of physical appearance in the social interactions (reflections and perceptions) in different frameworks of various institutions that one happens to come across in his ent ire life-time. â€Å"Democratic or not, physical attractiveness has an important influence in almost every realm of behavior in which its effects have been studied† (Jackson). Through following three subdivided stages of one’s life, this paper will discuss above mentioned contentions in the light of physical attractiveness – (a) Childhood (Kindergarten), (b) Teenage and young adulthood (Middle & High School), (c) Adulthood & Old-age (Job market and Retired life). 2. Effect of Physical Appearance in one’s Childhood life: The birth of a child is known to have been the most beautiful gift of nature. But is this beauty enough to blossom that child as beautifully as others who were born at the same time as him? The most logical answer that follows is – no. There will always be an unequal distribution of resources

The reflection of 2 group work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The reflection of 2 group work - Essay Example The current business environment is more complicated and fueled by many things that are yet to be known. Every leader feels some pressure when it comes to generating results, building effective teams and creating a high performance environment. At the same time, most employees get tired of uncertainty and the necessity to perform better with less. It therefore causes workplace dissatisfaction. The added pressure on employees to deliver without knowing their eminent future not only tests their patience, but also that of the leaders (Bass, 2009). Patience is always a virtue and good leaders need to practice it. More so today, where everybody is getting more and more frustrated, either at work or with societal issues. Efforts to practice patience are being tested than ever before. Therefore, leaders need to do more in order to make up for followers that lost their patience along the way. Leaders need patience since they deal with people and not machines. In contrast with machines, people have so many quirks. Mostly people are reluctant when it comes to change. People will develop political affinities and alliances. People have their preferred ways of doing things, pet projects and favourite friends. It therefore takes patience to work with people effectively and accomplish the set objectives and goals. Even though some times there is a need to be impatient in order to push an agenda, a good leader needs to understand that patience is the secrete weapon behind getting things done (Hughes, 2012). The third step of leadership process is development of strategy and vision. In this step, key leaders will develop and adjust the business strategy as well as the direction the organization is taking. During this process, the vision and strategy of the organization is reviewed depending on the business realities, redefining and refocusing the strategy so that it fits competitive and marketplace demands (Boonstra,

Comment on how Romeo Essay Example for Free

Comment on how Romeo Essay Comment on how Romeo and Juliet use language to communicate their feelings about love until Act II, scene ii of the play. Romeo and Juliet is the tragic story of two lovers separated by their feuding families. The origins of Romeo and Juliet originate before Shakespeare and so the story has been made familiar to audiences and readers of previous generations. Many historians believe he got his inspiration from literature dating back to the sixteenth century such as the poem by Arthur Brooke called The Tragicall Historye Of Romeus and Iuliet, written in 1562. Shakespeare adapted this story in order for it to appeal to the Elizabethan audience. The male protagonist of the play is Romeo Montague. He is approximately seventeen or eighteen years old. Romeo is a stereotypical adolescent boy, who emotions are fickle and based on lust. He constantly spends time thinking about love and his desire to be in love. He is spurned by the lady he adores Rosaline. Romeo follows the conventions of courtly love with diligence. In contrast the female protagonist Juliet Capulet is of a younger age; barely into her teenage years. Juliet is the opposite to Romeo as she is not stereotypical. Juliet does not comprehend or desire marriage, which is unusual of a girl her age. However, it is surprising Juliet breaches the rules of courtly love by accepting the proposal of marriage as soon as Romeo enquired Juliet. Juliet also defies the convention by not marrying a man of her fathers choosing. Despite the Capulets and Montagues long standing hatred for each other, fate coincidently brings Romeo and Juliet together. The play ends with tragic consequences as a result from the families hatred. Romeo and Juliet both sacrifice themselves for the power of love. Shakespeare uses numerous dramatic devices and language techniques to explore and convey Romeo and Juliets emotions. Act I, scene i takes place after a riot between the Montagues and Capulets. Despite the uproar Romeo decides to take no participation in this argument as he is so infatuated by his desire for Rosaline. Benvolio says Good morrow, cousin. Romeo replies Is the day so young indicating that he is so wrapped up in his own emotions that he is surprised it is still morning. This is typical of courtly love. Benvolio informs Romeo that it has only just struck the hour of nine. Aye me! Sad hours seem long Romeo personifies time to portray the grief he endures. Not having that, which, having, makes them short Romeo indicates that time passes quickly with Rosaline but time drags on without her. Romeo also says; Out of favour, where I am in love, This shows that the feeling is not mutual therefore it can not be true love. Romeo also says; Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! Romeo implies love is cupid and although he is blindfolded he still makes people fall in love. He believes love is inevitable. Romeo enquires about the dispute but he quickly switches back to talking about love that he yearns for, when he says Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. Romeo is talking about fighting in general and not he has heard about the fight that has just taken place. He completely does not care about it and he is disloyal to his family. Heres much to do with hate, but more with love. He believes no matter how much people talk about hate, love is far more interesting as Romeo implies. Romeos infatuation with lust is reflected in his over elaborate use of language. Well, in that you miss: shell not be hit With Cupids arrow; she hath Dians wit; nd, in string proof of chastity well armd, from loves weak childish bow she lives unharmd. she will not stay the siege of loving terms, Romeo here portrays lust that he wants from Rosaline. He describes virginity like a fortress which needs to be conquered . Romeo is also critical of her virginity. Romeo is continuously using paradoxes to describe love. Romeo demonstrates a young man who does not actually feel genuine love as he describes it as love and hate when he says O brawling love! O loving hate! O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Mis-sharpen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, Sick health! Conveying emotions of love which Romeo is experiencing, which is in such a mixed up way that it is not enjoyable but painful. Romeo says; Tis the way To call hers exquisite, in question more: Romeo has a fickle nature and he believes that looking at others would only make her more beautiful. Romeo implies that speaking of his lady would make him groan. Romeo emphasizes the pain he endures by referring love of love to be a sickness and of dying by saying; Bid a sick man in sadness make his wil Romeo ends with farewell: thou canst not teach me to forget. Romeo shows that he can not forget about his love and one can teach him to forget about his love. Juliet Capulet is a young girl living in the town of Verona. Juliet is probably around the age of fourteen or fifteen years of age. Ladies in Verona, by the ages of Juliet were often married and settled down with children. Juliet being the daughter of wealthy Capulet is no exception to this and is expected to marry. Juliet has hardly reached womanhood when she is expected to make a life changing decision Act I scene iii takes place in a room in the Capulets mansion. Lady Capulet breaks the news to Juliet about the idea of marriage. Lady Capulet says, Marry, that marry is the very theme I came to talk of. Juliet replies it is a n honour that I dream of not as she is very shocked by the idea as she still thinks she is too young. She is innocent and nai ve. Lady Capulet says to Juliet; Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, are made already mothers; by my count Lady Capulet is suggesting Juliet is being left behind as most ladies are married by now. Lady Capulet also uses persuasive adjectives like valiant to advertise Paris as being perfect and encourage her daughter to marry him. The nurse of Juliet also emphasizes Paris being perfect Hes a man of wax Juliet hardly shows much emotion about married. Juliet says; Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives me strength to make it fly Juliet shows here she will happily make the acquaintance of Paris only to please her mother, but Juliet is promising nothing. Juliet is not really bothered about meeting Paris as she does not desire married and partnership. Juliet and Romeo meet each other in the Capulets mansion where a party was taking place. Towards the end of act II, scene ii Romeo and Juliet use extended images of falcony to demonstrate their reluctance to separate until the following morning. Juliet confides in Romeo by using a metaphor; O for a falconers voice, To lure thus tassel-gentle back again Juliet wishes to capture Romeo, like a bird, so that she can lure him back to her whenever she wants. Romeo extends the metaphor by referring to Juliet as My Niese. Romeo is implying Juliet as being a hawk, this is important as it reminds the audience of Juliets age and her innocence. Juliet is very protective and shows this by using a simile; I would have thee gone; And yet no farther than a wantons bird; That lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a prisoner in his twisted gives, And with a silken thread plucks it back again, So loving-jealous of his liberty Juliet desires to imprison Romeo like a bird. Juliet uses a oxymoron to highlight her contrasting feelings; half of her wants to set Romeo free as if he remains he will get into danger but Juliet is selfish and wants Romeo to stay for her own benefit. Romeo and Juliet uses extended images of sea voyages and adventure to communicate their love for each other. Romeo uses a metaphor to show Juliet how much he loves her and how important she is to him. As that vast shore washd with the farthest sea, I would adventure for such merchandise. Romeo relates to Juliet being merchandise, which he is prepared to travel the furthest sea to gain such a priceless treasure. Juliet uses an extended simile later on in the play to re-emphasize Romeos feelings. My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep, the more I give to thee. Juliets love is as endless like the sea. Both Juliet and Romeo worship each other and are prepared to do anything, just to get what they want. Juliet also has bounty, the willingness to give her love to Romeo. Romeo and Juliet use extended images of angels and heaven to express how heavenly their love and desire is for one another. Romeo expresses his feelings about Juliet in his soliloquy at the beginning of the scene; Her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. Romeo is saying that Juliet has the power over nature, she is as bright as the sun, her beauty is so extreme she can make the birds sing. Romeo extends the idea of cosmic image; O speak again, bright angel Romeo refers as Juliet being an angel as there is nothing more perfect as angels , more beautiful than any mortal could wish to be. Juliet impresses Romeo so much that he can not believe she is human. For thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head, As is a winger messenger of heaven Romeo expresses Juliet to have angel-like qualities, she is immortal, a perfect goddess. Romeo uses sibilance and a simile to make Juliets voice sound like beautiful music to ones ears; Like softest music to attending ears! In the beginning Romeo is represented as a typical young man. His language is completed with drama and emotions. Juliet is opposite, her language is straightforward and shows her disinterest in marriage and love. Juliet experiences the most dramatic change in the play after meeting and falling in love with Romeo in act II, scene ii. Juliet displays a newly sexually awaken young woman. Her language is altered to display a likeness of Romeos language which is constantly uses hyperboles and imagery to portray her intense emotions. Romeo is less of a dramatic change as he still remains a passionate young man. His feelings are more genuine love rather than lust. Romeos feelings are intensified by reciprocate love. Romeo also uses imagery to show intense feelings and the endeavour to commit to Juliet. Throughout the play Shakespeare uses numerous language techniques to convey emotions and to show true passion between two teenagers. The play demonstrates to what extent people are prepared to do for the power of love. Tragic consequences at the end of the play lead to sad emotions which heightens the audience. Romeo and Juliet, a tragic story that teaches people the true meaning of love.

Weddings From Two Different Cultures Theology Religion Essay

Weddings From Two Different Cultures Theology Religion Essay Irish Weddings and German Weddings. There are many similarities when it comes to having a wedding in these two different traditions. The similarities are that both of the weddings will have flowers though the flowers will be use differently in each of the wedding because both wedding and the flowers symbolize a certain religious thought. The Irish use the flowers for the brides to wear in their hair and the Germans use the flowers to decorate the top of the wedding car. I think that both of these traditions use flowers in a way that are similar because each bride will usually wear the flowers on her head or have a bouquet. The next similar item that is in the wedding is the music that is being played. Each wedding tradition has some sort of music that is playing though the music that is playing is different because of the background but music is a way to have fun and dance and both Irish and German wedding do agree on a large part. The music will usually play at the reception to awake the party and celebrate the new bride and groom. There is usually different customs when it comes to a wedding whether is being a normal style type like I would have that would take place in a church. It is different for each of these traditions. The Irish will get married in a church as a German will get married on a outside alter to show grace of becoming one. I think that when getting married it is nice to stick to your religion as close as possible because if done means that the groom and bride will have a long happy marriage. I know that some brides and grooms come from a different background sometimes when getting m arried, so if this was to happen both of the couple background religion should somehow be part of the wedding to make both of them feel important. The customs of each wedding differ for each tradition and certain traditions are supposed to be followed. The Irish believe that is it unlucky if a class or cup were broken on the wedding day and to the German wedding tradition it was a good thing if a plate or dish was smashed because it would suppose to bring good luck to the bride. This is different and was thinking about what if an Irish and German were getting married and they were trying to follow the traditions of each bride and groom and the plate smashing meant something different would they still follow this step?. The second custom that I thought was different was who is going to pay for the wedding. This has to be the most important part of each wedding and figuring out who is going to be able to make the day happen. In an Irish wedding the bride and grooms parents would split the cost of the wedding to make it even among the families. In a German wedding the father of the bride is suppose to pay for the wedding. In my religion usually both the parents of the groom and bride pay for the wedding and this has some similarities to an Irish wedding. When it comes to customs each type of wedding has its own that the bride and groom try to add to the wedding to make sure that it is the most important day of their lives and usually is for all. I think that there are many things to think about when it comes to a wedding and all the superstitions that you may have to think about. I know that these are certain things people dont think about when getting married but they are most assumed in a wedding. I know for a fact that in an Irish wedding and in a German wedding the superstitions do take place and are thought of before the wedding is sat up. These superstitions consist of what days it is good to get married on and what roads to travel on the way to the church. I know that in an Irish wedding it is unlucky to marry on a Saturday and people that are married in harvest would spend all their living being happy. There are also says about the bride and groom washing their hands together which mean that they are counting on a disaster to happen and also you are suppose to travel the longest road on the way to the wedding. In a German wedding there are really no superstitions that have a high affect on the wedding but only tricks that the bride and grooms friends play on them after they are married. Like for example for the first night they pull pranks on them like taking the bed apart or even filling the room with balloons. The bride takes a large amount of attention when it comes to each of these weddings and what takes place in the wedding is mostly up to the bride or who is paying for the wedding. There are things that happen on each day leading up to the wedding that follow the way a wedding is suppose to be held. In a German wedding there is usually three days that take affect before the bride and groom gets married. The first day in a German wedding the couple is married by the justice of peace. The second days hold a big party that is called Polterabend. Polterabend means the evening with lots of broken porc elain. The porcelain is brought by the friends and relatives to smash in front of the bride and groom because it is a symbol of a happy and luck life. The traditions are mostly drawn on the bride and grooms cultural and ethnic backgrounds and it helps them include the traditions and customs into their wedding. The one important thing that should be pointed out among these two wedding traditions is the colors that are used in the wedding and why they are used and the meaning behind them. In an Irish wedding the color green is used in a lot of weddings because of Irelands nickname Emerald Isle. The color green is also used because of the shamrock. The shamrock is the used for luck in a wedding and lifelong happiness and are usually carried by the groom in the wedding. The honeymoon must be the most important part that takes place after the couple is married. The honeymoon for an Irish wedding is way different from the traditional wedding that is held among people getting married. I can say that for a traditional wedding the bride and groom usually take a trip to spend time together because of their happy day that took place and also have some alone time. In an Irish honeymoon the newlyweds spend a month together drinking honeyed wine secluded so that they families cannot separate them. This also took place so that the couple could elope and the belief was that after a month had passed the bride would become pregnant and her family would then have no choice of the wife to stay with her new husband. The German wedding tradition is pointed back at a regular traditional wedding. There are so many things that can be pointed out between these two different cultural weddings that take place between the marriage and also after the wedding. There are many traditions that take place among a wedding taking place that will be followed to make sure that the wedding goes the way it is suppose to. The impression that I have made when reading over these articles is that a German wedding is more typical wedding that I would have and an Irish wedding is more towards a religious status and is put together by steps that the bride and groom agree to. I know if my background was Irish I would think that our tradition weddings are nothing like theirs and different in so many ways from the customs to the way the marriage is held at the altar. The ceremonies in each of the wedding are different from one another and each have a certain amount of days it should take to throw a wedding. A German wedding take accordingly three days but not three full days and an Irish wedding is most of the times held for at least two day or even just one day at the most. The reason why an Irish wedding is held not that long is so the new couple can spend time together and celebrate the new beginning of life and their talk about what their future hold for them. I think that each wedding whether it be a traditional wedding always has some kind of religious background to it whether is it showed at the wedding or not it is still acquired about each the bride and the groom. I have stated that the ceremonies are mostly different among the wedding and the religious backgrounds or the bride and groom. The ceremony in an Irish wedding many couples want to incorporate Irish blessings and toasts into their ceremony. These blessings wish prosperity and luck on the couple. In a German wedding ceremony on the third day the wedding takes place and the bride and groom take their vows while on their knees and the groom might kneel on the brides dress to show who is going to be in charge in the relationship though the bride may do it right back. When the bride and groom they throw coins to the children watching which is different among any other cultural wedding. I have been too many weddings throughout my life time and can tell you the one that I have went to are the traditional weddings. They consist of music, dancing, drinking, games, and just all out fun while celebrating the marriage of two people and wishing them well. I can tell you in different parts of the world each wedding is different whether it is an Irish wedding, German wedding, Chinese wedding, Dutch wedding, and Greek wedding. All the wedding have some type of background and tradition that is followed throughout the ceremony. The traditions of each wedding can consist of religious thinking and saying grace towards the couple that is getting married to make sure that they have a long happy life and a healthy marriage. The traditions and customs of a wedding can rely on the background of the bride and groom like in a Dutch wedding. The custom is that there is a lovely tree branch that is placed next to the bride and grooms table and the guests write their special wish for the c ouple on the paper leaves that are attached to the branch. In a Greek wedding the mother of the bride spends years collecting household items for the daughters dowry. The customs in a Chinese wedding are different than all of the others above because they pick the wedding date according to the astrological signs and birthdates of the bride and groom and the ceremony being on the half hours to wish good fortune to the couple. I can stay that if you have a different religion than an American then it has to be interesting when getting married. I think that certain ceremonies have more thought put into them as I read though a lot of different types of wedding and how the ceremony is thrown to make sure that all is blessed and the marriage will be a success. I can say that not everyone has a wedding that follows the traditional wedding and some dont make a big deal about the deal the wed. I myself think it is a big deal because you are closing vowels that going to spend the rest of your life with the person next to you whether that works out is all up to how much each of the partners put into the relationship. I think that honesty and being opened about thoughts will make a marriage last because if you are honest and true then there is nothing that needs to closed behind a door and forgot about. I can say that I thought about what wedding traditions to do and what would be the most interesting ones to choose from and give a reason why and I have to say that my attitude towards how different wedding are from the way a American wedding is held is really not thought about. I think that I had no idea how many customs an Irish and German wedding would have involved when thinking about getting married and what steps need to be followed. I just thought that everything should fall into place and work out to the best if the people are meant to together and never looked behind the process it takes to setting up wedding and how some cultures take wedding more serious than other due to the parents are giving up either their daughter or son that is getting married. Some take this memory as a happy one and hope and wish that all is well for the couple on their journey to the next level and their future. The parents I think before the couple make arrangement to get married are able to care for themselves and able to support a family because later on in the future there will be the thought of a child being born with then will be a new journey in the newlyweds lives. I think that once the husband and wife have a child it will show how much they are in love and how much they are committed to the relationship and how well each will be able to support one another. I think that it takes a long time to find the right person to marry and more than a couple years to find out if your going out with the same person. I say that if you are going out with the same person for over six years that still may not be the person that you want to marry and may be only a really good friend that you like being with but may not want to be hooked to for the rest of your life or live your lifes together but usually things like this will be figured out among both of the partners and how well they can work together in a relationship. I can say that I have learned a lot about how different cultures set up weddings and how serious they take them. I know that it is a big day and a life changer so it would be the smart idea or make the right decision and if you are happy with someone for a while well they you may have found the person who you are suppose to spend the rest of your life with. Citations Irish Wedding Traditions. Bridget Haggerty; http://www.ireland-information.com/articles/irishweddingtraditions.htm Walking Down the Aisle: Wedding Traditions from Germany. Tatyana Gordeeva; 1998-2009; http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/weekly/aa030601a.htm German Wedding Traditions. http://www.personal.psu.edu/jld345/German.html German Wedding Traditions, Part 1. German Culture. 2004. Tatyana Gordeeva. 14 Mar. 2005 http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/weekly/aa030601a.htm Irish Wedding Customs and Traditions, Hudson Valley Weddings. http://www.hudsonvalleyweddings.com/guide/irish.htm Irish Wedding Traditions, Euroevents Travel, LLC. http://www.worldweddingtraditions.com/locations/west_europe_traditions/irish_traditions.html German Wedding Traditions, Euroevents Travel, LLC. http://www.worldweddingtraditions.com/locations/west_europe_traditions/german_traditions.html Cultural Wedding Traditions and Customs, Beau-coup Favors, Inc. 2010 http://www.beau-coup.com/cultural-traditions-weddings.htm

How can the Micro Environment Affect Huawei?

How can the Micro Environment Affect Huawei? Introduction: The assignment will have two parts. The first part will discuss a Chinese company called HUAWEI. The uncontrollable variables (Microenvironment and Macroenvironment) have affected the controllable variables (Marketing Mix) in HUAWEI. There are two factors affect the effectiveness of companies marketing activities: one is the company cannot control, such as political, legal, economic, cultural, geography and other environmental factors, known as uncontrollable factors, which is the external environment faced by the company; One is the company can control, such as product, price, place, promotions and other marketing factors, be known as controllable factors. The essence of markting activities is using internal controllable factors, so that external uncontrollable environment adapt to the controllable factors, and to meet the individual and the organizations goals. Kotlers said, If the company produce the appropriate product, set an appropriate price, the use of appropriate place and s upported by an adequate promotion, then the the company will be successful (Kotler, 2001). The second part will discuss three main learning points of the Marketing Game. Part 1 1.1 About HUAWEI: Huawei is a leading global telecommunications solutions provider with long-term partnerships with operators around the world.. Huaweis products and solutions is about wireless products (LTE/HSPA/WCDMA/EDGE/GPRS/GSM, CDMA20001xEV-DO/CDMA2000 1X, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX), core network products ( IMS, Mobile Softswitch, NGN ), network products(FTTx, xDSL, Optical, Routers, LAN Switch) , applications and software(IN, mobile data service, BOSS), as well as terminals(UMTS/CDMA). Major products are designed based on Huaweis ASIC chipset and utilize shared platforms to provide quality and cost-effective products. Huaweis products and solutions are deployed in over 100 countries and serve 36 of the worlds top 50 operators. Huaweis RD centers is built in many countries, such as Silicon Valley and Dallas in USA, Stockholm in Sweden,Moscow in Russia, Bangalore in India, and Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou in china.(1) 1.2 The Controllable Variables of Huawei The controllable variables in a company mean the Marketing Mix. In 1953, Neil †¢ Borden in the American Marketing Associations inaugural speech created a term called marketing mix and its meaning is more or less in market demand, to some extent on by the so-called marketing variable or market factor the impact, in order to find a certain market response, companies want to be an effective combination of these elements to meet the market demand, to obtain maximum profit. In fact there are dozens of marketing mix elements, Boden proposed marketing mix consists of 12 elements, known as the 12-factor marketing mix strategy, namely, product plans, pricing, brand, supply routes, personal selling, advertising, promotion , packaging, display, support, physical distribution and market research. This combination of strategies to enable people to engage in marketing, operations can be more clarity from the start in these areas, and scope of the study of marketing has done a better defined. 4Ps came along with the theory of marketing mix. These elements were summed up as four categories: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, also known as the 4Ps.by a Professor of the University of Michigan Jerome McCarthy in 1960 in his book  «Basic Marketing ». In 1967, Philip Kotler in his best-selling book Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control further confirmed by 4Ps of the marketing mix as the core method. 4Ps marketing strategy since its introduction, on the theory and practice of marketing, had a great impact, was regarded as a classic marketing theory by marketing managers. Almost all managers when they plan theirs marketing activities consciously and unconsciously consider from the 4Ps theory. 1.2.1 Product of Huawei The company must follow the needs of customers, and design their products and services. The product has a large areas, it contains product features, quality, appearance, packaging, brand, service, support. Huawei offers the most complete telecom product portfolio, covering mobile, broadband, core network, transmission network, data communication, value-added services, terminals and services.(3) Huaweis corporate culture is a kind of wolf culture. The CEO of Huawei who called Zhengfei Ren has been promoting the wolf culture in the early years. sharp, aggressive, selfless teamwork are the true meaning of the wolf culture. Zhengfei Ren ueses the militarization way to management companies such as powerful labor intensity, strict management system, and ruthless survival of the fittest. 1.2.2 Price of Huawei According to different market, companies develop different pricing strategies, product pricing is based on corporate brand strategy, focusing on the brands gold content. The Price means products pricing, discounts, financing, financial leasing, limited supply. The cost advantage of Chinese companies will continue to increase, because China has a lot of cheap labor. Under the premise of increasingly popular telecommunications products, the price factor is becoming more and more important to the operators. Huawei has not been satisfied with the low-price products profits, and Huawei want to get high profits from its brand. 1.2.3 Place of Huawei Company does not directly to consumers, and it focuses on the cultivation of distributors and sales networking, enterprise and consumers. In a precise location and in a exact time, providing an accurate number of products and services.is very important to a company. Now the changing commercial environment also has an impact on the Place. The place includes location, logistics, market coverage, the Internet, mobile phones and so on. Huaweis Place can be divided into two kinds. The first channel is the sellers channels, such as in a number of target markets, set up an office directly for product sales. The second channel is a joint venture, such as joint venture with 3Com in China and Japan market, Huawei brand export products; while the Sino-Japanese outside the market, through the 3Com brand and channel marketing. Huawei uses joint venture to build the brand channel. 1.2.4 Promotion of Huawei Companies utilize promotions to stimulate consumption growth, or to attract other brands consumers, or promotion of early consumption. All these promotions are used to promote consumption growth. Promotion includes advertising, public relations, news, marketing, media, budget. Huaweis promotions also include advertising. In the international market, Huawei has been employed a veteran British advertising company to guide its release strategy for advertising the various stages of development. Huawei active attend many exhibits, and it help Huawei be well-known. Lower price than the rival bid is also an important way of promotion, 1.3 The uncontrollable variables of Huawei and effect The marketing environment is uncontrollable, and it can be divided into the microenvironment and the macroenvironment. All environments have good or bad effects to a company. 1.3.1 The microenvironment of Huawei and its effect Microenvironment is closely linked with the company itself, which includes the internal environment, marketing channel firms, different types of markets, customers, competitors and publics. The internal environment: The internal environment consists mainly of staff, funds, equipment, raw materials, market. Most Huaweis high-quality employees are highly educated. Theyre very care about to realize theirs value. Because they are highly educated employees with professional knowledge and ability, they can easily understand the customers actual ideas and know how to improve products. Through continuous improvement of products, companies can win more customers and profits. The marketing channel firms: The marketing channel firms contain suppliers, agents, marketing services agencies, banks. Huaweis marketing channel firms are constructed with sales, service partner, training partners and customers. It is a complete system. This distribution system includes first-class high-level distributors, as well as the subordinate regional agents, advanced authentication agents, the industry integrators, an agent, regional distributors, which are intended to provide customers with integrated solutions. There is no absolute affiliation among all the channel firms, and all the channel firms enjoy the same preferential policies. All the agents are relying on the products with Huaweis brand, performance, service, a comparable level of interest. Huawei has also announced the formal introduction of targeted agents sales staff sunshine mileage club recognition program, the program with Huawei in the channels of promotion of the implementation of an incentive mechanism, Huawei announced that all sales agents can participate in the club and become a club member. The sales staff sales to go through them to Huaweis statistical summary of reported orders to score points. According to the number of points, members may be from the basic member to silver members, and even be gold membership. Huawei based on their performance carry out a variety of different levels of reward. Since implementation of 2002 Sunshine business plan, Huawei partners received recognition and support of sales channels, has made great progress and future market development. Through these ways, Huaweis products are well-known. They are good for Huaweis products and promotion. The types of market: Market is divided by the purchaser and the purchase of market segmentation purposes, including: consumer markets, producers market, brokers market, government and international markets. Huaweis main objective is in the international market. New products to enter the international market, generally there are two kinds of methods: one is the first access to developed country markets, the latter access to developing country markets; the other is the first access to developing markets, then access to developed countries. Huawei is the adoption of the second way. Huawei first entered the Hong Kong market, and then into Russia, and South American markets. Huawei actively participated in the activities of major infrastructure projects, bidding for its high-quality products, low prices to win consecutive national large-scale Projects. The continuous development and changes in the market prompted the continuing reform of Huaweis products and innovation. The competitors: Company marketing activities are often surrounded by various competitors, and constraints, therefore, companies must identify the variety of competitors, and take different competitive responses. The changes of competitors marketing strategy and marketing activities the changes directly affect the corporate marketing. The most obvious is the competitors product price, advertising, promotions, changes, and product development, sales and service. Huaweis competitive environment is very cruel, and it makes Huawei continually improve its product. In addition, Huawei also pays attention to advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations. The main ways are: meet with key customers, all-round contact with clients, to establish and develop with the host countrys telecoms regulator contact, to discover and develop a strong local agent or partner, to participate in various exhibitions and telecommunications forum for professional, technical exchanges with customers The publics: The publics refer to the ability of companies achieve their marketing objectives with actual or potential interest and influence of groups or individuals. It is very important to a company to do well with the public. Huaweis do a very good job with the public, establish a good brand 1.3.2 The macroenvironment and its effect Macroenvironment effects microenvironment with great social forces. It includes political, economic, social and technological. In many books, it is called PEST or STEP. The political environment and its effect: Political environment is the condition of the external political situation and national guidelines and policies in an enterprise marketing activities. Huaweis products are sold in more than 100 countries of the world. Different countries have different continental law, and they include common law, the specific laws, especially laws and regulations involved in international marketing vary widely. This makes Huawei to understand and adapt to different political environment. The political and economic close link together, and more and more countries competition has been reflected in the economic competition. Huawei cannot develop the international market without the way of political. In the early period of internationalization, Huawei complies with an unwritten rule: it is based on Chinas diplomacy direction. Huawei set up offices of the principle that countries have diplomatic relations with China. The CEO of Huawei called Ren Zhengfei explicitly mentioned: Chinas foreign policy is successful in the world, it get more friends in the world. Huaweis marketing is following with Chinas diplomatic, I believe we will be successful The economic environment and its effect: Economic environment means socio-economic conditions, the operational status and trends of economy in a companys marketing activities. Economic environment analyzes the changes in consumer income, consumer spending patterns, consumer savings and credit conditions and other factors change. The financial crisis in 2009, under the pressure and thrust, whether Europe and the United States markets can be successful in this year is more important than sales of 30 billion U.S. dollars. Huawei put their business focus on the European and American markets, and it got great success. In the august of 2009, Huawei became one equipment supplier of the worlds biggest WiMax operator Clearwire in US, and Huawei became the main supplier. The social and cultural environment and its effect: Different countries and different areas have different social and cultural environment. So a new product get into a new market, the company must understand the customers cultural and hobbies. Huaweis staff before they going abroad must receive relevant training to understand the social and cultural in the training sector, such as the differences between cultures and related products and others. But another culture, values, religion and lifestyle is not suited to them. They meet many of the problems in another country. The first one is that local people do not know much of china. A huge different cultural gap between the country and china make the local people do not understand and trust Huaweis product. This lack of understanding between cultures enables local coustomer even do not believe that China has capable of producing communications equipment. Through a variety of communication, foreign customers eliminate the misunderstanding of China. Similarly, respecting foreign cultures is also very important to win local customers. Huaweis set up Islamic prayer room for Arab customer, and get respect from Arab. The technological environment and its effect: Science and technology are primary productive forces. Each of the new technology would give some businesses to create new market opportunities, which will produce new industries, and at the same time, it also makes old industries to be affected or even be eliminated. Advanced technology is the most important basis in the communications market. Huawei has invested heavily in technology and the benefit is obvious increased. Huawei pay a lot money on researching and developing in the early period. Even in the difficult period, more than 10% of Huaweis sales revenue were used on the R D investment. Huawei employs about 30,000 worldwide, of which 48% of employees engaged in R D annual patent applications, and its break through 1000, and become the most patents company of China. Because of the thousands of patents, Huawei have ability to bargain with the worlds premier suppliers, and build laboratory to develop the most advanced products together. Huaweis technical strategy is trying their best to meet the customers needs. Through new technology, increasing R D investment in new technology, Huawei can get more market share. Part 2 2.1 The rule and introduction of the marketing game The marketing game can help us understand the market, our competitors. All the students are divided into 4 groups. Each group is a software company. All the companies make the same product which is word processing software. The potential customers can be divided into six main segments. The six segments are the modern students, the home scribblers, the harried typists, the professional writers, the high-tech managers and the concerned parents. Different segments have different requirements of the software. The market is growing every year, but some segments are growing faster than others. We also need to make advertising and make our product to meet customers needs.. Each company has a basic word processing software, and the NO. of special is 8, the error protection is 3, the Ease of learning is 3. We can pay money on modifying our product. All the firms have two channels of distribution to reach customers. The middlemen in channel 1 serve customers with a limited line of computers and computer software. The middlemen in channel 2 offer more limited service and handle larger assortments of products, they also offer lower prices. All the firms have three ways to make promotion: Personal selling, advertising and sales promotions. About advertising, there are five ways: pioneering- primary demand, direct competitive- own brand now, indirect competitive- own brand future, reminder-reinforces familiar brand and corporate. Each firm has 700,000$ as its budget. The main cost include: Product Modification, Unit Production Cost, Sales Force salary severance, Advertising, Sales Promotion, Marketing Research Reports and Interest on Loan from Bank. All the firms have four years to compete with each other. (6) 2.2 The firm of Fourstars 2.2.1 Our idea and brand First, we should think about our target market, and which segment to sale our product. We think we need to try our best to meet more and more customers needs. The other firms may choose one target market, but we can develop one mixed product. We can get more market share. The six segments can be divided into two main parts: The first part is Student, Home and parents. These three segments require the word processing software easier, and they do not need too many functions. The channels of the three segments are quite similar. The advantage is we do not need to spend much money on modifying our product, and the risk of our product is lower. The disadvantage is the price of these three segments is much lower. We cannot sure to get much profit. The second part is Typists, Writers and managers. These three segments require the word processing software more professional. They need more functions. The channels of these three segments are also quite similar. The advantage to get into these markets is the price of the product is very high, we may get more profit. The disadvantage is that we need to pay a lot of money on modifying our product, we have high risk. Finally, we decided to design a easier product, and chose the first part. We also think many brands about our product, such as fortunate stars, stars and fourstars. We choose fourstars to be our brand, because we are the fourth firms, and we want to be the sale star. 2.2.2 The four years of Fourstars The first year: We develop our new product, the new product have 10 special commands, 5 error protections and 8 functions in ease of learning. The retail price in channel 1 is $156.40 and in channel is $129.90. We also do marketing research and advertising. The channel 2 is more important to our product. We pay less money on modifying our product. We believe we will be successful. All the members of our firms are very excited. We all wait for the result. But we fall in the first year. We make a big mistake, because we product too less product, we forget to ask the output. We also lose the marketing share. We have a cold winter, but we do not lose belief. The finally winner is the true winner. The second year: The first year, we are loser. We must find the reason and the disadvantage of our product. First, we modify our product. We modify the special commands to 11, and the function of error protecting to 4. We compare our product with other firms, and we find that our product is really very perfect. We believe that we can get more marketing share, and more profit this year. The price of our product in channel 1 is $168.50, and in channel 2 is $147.84. When we get the result of the second, we still lose in the second year, but we fell very strange. The unit sale of our product is the highest of 4 firms. We have the highest sale in 3 segments. Why we lose? The teacher say something to us, we need to get more profit from our product. How to get more profit is the main thing we need to do in the next year. The third year: One year past, though we lose, we get the belief. We believe our product is perfect, and we do nothing about modifying. The only thing we should do is how to get more profit. We increase our price, and the price in channel 1 is $239.67, and in channel 2 is $205.65. We do not increase our price too much, because we are afraid of losing customers. We have 3 years experience, and we are very comfortable. We have prefect product and highest marketing share. Of course, we can be successful. The result is we lose again, but this year we are profitable. The unit sale of our product is still the highest, and we are the largest supplier in 4 segments. Because one of the firm called Micro Twos product is suit for Students. Our customers are Home, Typists, Writer and parents. We need to make changes of our product. We still make a big mistake: we give too much commission. We also need more middlemen The fourth year: This is the last year, and it is the last chance. According to our customers, we develop a new product. Our new product has 12 in special commands, 5 in error protection and 8 functions of easy of learning. We hire more middlemen and we also increase the price of our new product. We are not foolish again, we reduce the commissions.. We think about every detail. Finally, in the last year, we get the most profit of all the firms. All the workers of our firm fell very happy. We learn a lot from the marketing game. We know how to get profit. Though we make many mistakes, I think we cannot make the mistake twice. 2.3 The learning points of the marketing game According to the marketing game, all the group members learn a lot. Here are 3 main learning points of the marketing game. 2.3.1 Proper product to target market Companies need to choose its target marketing and groups of consumers. Then they can produce the proper product. The product of a company is limited, but the customers demands are unlimited. Therefore, companies only choose less market to be their target market. Monopolistic market can help company to get more profit. The 3IZNESS product is made for Managers, though the price of their product is very high, they do not have competitors, they sale very well. The famous marketing master Philip Kotler said: the target market is the part of the qualified available market (those with the interest, income, access, and qualifications for a particular offer) that the company decides to pursue.(5 by Philip Kotler) Customers are the god to the companies. Companies should have the proper, so that they can have their customers. We change our product for 3 times, the purpose of these changes is to meet the customers need. The target market is very important to a company. You have the target, then you can produce proper product. 2.3.2 The importance of Marketing research Doing marketing research is very important to a company. Marketing research can help the company make right marketing decisions. Through market research, we can find a number of new market opportunities and may develop new products to meet customers needs. We can get information about our product in the market share, we also can know much about our competitors. All these information can help the company develop new product and change market stratagem. During the marketing game, we all do well in marketing research. In the third year, our company find that the Micro Twos product is quite similar with our product, and its price is lower than us. In the fourth year, we change our product immediately. That is one main reason we can win in the last year. 2.3.3 Profit is the first The aim of a company is get more profit from the market. A company is successful or not, the sole criterion is the profit. In the marketing game, the first year and the second year, we do not get any profit in the market. It causes we have less budget in the next year. We cannot expand more market. We also learn how to gain more profit from the marketing game. Profit is an important factor for the development of the company. Conclusion Strategic marketing is the module which I studied in the university of warwick. Thank you for giving us great lectures and a interesting marketing game. I learned a lot from this module. I still remembered that the tutor of Caroline Bitch ask us questions every morning. It help me to remember what is marking, the marketing mix and so on. All the teachers can make the strategic marketing more lively and easy to understand. Reference http://www.huawei.com/corporate_information.do http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/mix/ http://www.huawei.com/products_services.do http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%90%A5%E9%94%80%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83 by Philip Kotler The marketing game

The Hollow Men Essay -- essays research papers

The Theme of Emptiness in â€Å"The Hollow Men†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Hollow Men,† a poem written by T.S. Eliot shows the narrators disgust and his faithless attitude toward all mankind. He refers to the human race as being â€Å"hollow,† (1) and having a â€Å"headpiece filled with straw,† (4) which creates the feeling and theme of emptiness. Eliot also uses allusions, symbols, and repetition as powerful, and depressing poetic devices to make mankind seem hollow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of emptiness is clearly visible throughout the poem, and it begins in the title. â€Å"The Hollow Men† refers to mankind being empty, and that there is no meaning to their life, and no purpose for the hollow men to go on. IN the first section of the poem, the second stanza states â€Å"Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion.† (11-12) Here Eliot puts strong ideas together in such a way that they seem to cancel out each other, leaving an empty feeling . In section three, Eliot used â€Å"dead,† (39) and â€Å"cactus† (40) to describe the setting, and â€Å"In deaths other kingdom/Walking alone,† (46-47) leaves the reader in an empty state of mind with no surroundings. When someone shouts into an empty, or wide area, it will always echo and repeat itself until it quietly dies off. This example of emptiness is expressed in the very last stanza of the poem, â€Å"This is the way th e world ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a b... The Hollow Men Essay -- essays research papers The Theme of Emptiness in â€Å"The Hollow Men†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Hollow Men,† a poem written by T.S. Eliot shows the narrators disgust and his faithless attitude toward all mankind. He refers to the human race as being â€Å"hollow,† (1) and having a â€Å"headpiece filled with straw,† (4) which creates the feeling and theme of emptiness. Eliot also uses allusions, symbols, and repetition as powerful, and depressing poetic devices to make mankind seem hollow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of emptiness is clearly visible throughout the poem, and it begins in the title. â€Å"The Hollow Men† refers to mankind being empty, and that there is no meaning to their life, and no purpose for the hollow men to go on. IN the first section of the poem, the second stanza states â€Å"Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion.† (11-12) Here Eliot puts strong ideas together in such a way that they seem to cancel out each other, leaving an empty feeling . In section three, Eliot used â€Å"dead,† (39) and â€Å"cactus† (40) to describe the setting, and â€Å"In deaths other kingdom/Walking alone,† (46-47) leaves the reader in an empty state of mind with no surroundings. When someone shouts into an empty, or wide area, it will always echo and repeat itself until it quietly dies off. This example of emptiness is expressed in the very last stanza of the poem, â€Å"This is the way th e world ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a b...

Companies Should Research Health Care Products For Use in Developing Na

Companies Should Research Health Care Products For Use in Developing Nations The industry of medical research and product development is an expensive and risky business in which the rate of failure far outweighs the likelihood of success (Glaxo). Only the largest companies can afford to invest large amounts of time and capital in projects that seem to have little chance of striking research gold--a drug that is effective, safe, and marketable for a profit. This creates an obvious problem: what incentives exist that would encourage companies to make a commitment to the development and distribution of products that are not likely to produce great returns, namely medicines that would be used mainly in third world countries? Are these companies morally obligated to earmark at least some of their profits to pursue such projects? What responsibilities do the governments of developing nations have to their citizens in providing and improving health care? Some of the most urgent current health issues in developing countries are the threats posed by drug-resistant TB and malaria, Hepatitis A and B, yellow fever, meningococcal meningitis, and typhoid fever (Alameda). Vaccines are available for all of the above infections except TB and malaria, but separate injections are required for each, some require follow-ups, and each injection costs as much as $75 (Alameda). This is an expense that is obviously not practical for most rural citizens in Africa and Southeast Asia, some of the areas where these diseases are most prevalent (Glaxo). No relief effort to date has the resources to make widespread distribution of these vaccines possible or practical. The very beginning of the battle is making products that will greatly increase the health o... ...of companies with the resources who would enjoy the benefits. In addition, it is obvious that the US on an international scale benefits from such efforts, and thus our government should be willing to support or conduct such research when necessary. Works Cited: Alameda Travel Vaccination Center. About the Vaccines: Alameda Travel Vaccination Center. http: www.netcantina.com/travelmed/homepage/.htm (6 March 1997). Belden, Peter. US Agency for International Development. Letter to the author. 8 March 1997. Glaxo Wellcome Inc. "A Timely, Two-Sided Attack on Malaria", Glaxo Wellcome Noticeboard, Glaxo Wellcome Research Centres. Glaxo Wellcome http://www.glaxowellcome.co.uk/netscape/world [contains links to all articles] (6 March 1997). Smallpox. Encyclopedia Britannica. vol. 10, 1994 ed. p. 887-8. Ryan, Dr. Thomas E. Physician. Letter to the author. 8 Mar 1997.